Effective cystitis relief—lasting results you can trust

Cystitis is a type of urinary tract infection (UTI) that specifically affects the bladder. It is usually caused by bacteria entering the bladder, often from the bowel. While common in women, it can affect men and children as well. Most cases of cystitis improve on their own within a few days, but antibiotics may be required in some instances.

The most common cause of cystitis is bacteria, with Escherichia coli (E. coli) being the primary culprit. The bacteria can enter the bladder through the urethra. Factors that increase the risk include sexual activity, menopause, using certain contraceptives (such as spermicides), and having a weakened immune system or urinary tract abnormalities. Other causes include using urinary catheters or experiencing blockages in the urinary tract, such as kidney stones.

Typical symptoms include:

• Pain or burning during urination (dysuria)

• An urgent or frequent need to urinate

• Dark, cloudy, or strong-smelling urine

• Pain or discomfort in the lower abdomen

• Blood in the urine (haematuria)

• Mild fever (in some cases)

In children, symptoms may include a high temperature, irritability, vomiting, or a lack of appetite. For older adults or those with cognitive impairments, symptoms might include confusion or increased incontinence.

A healthcare professional can diagnose cystitis based on symptoms, medical history, and a physical exam. A urine test (urinalysis) is often used to detect bacteria, white blood cells, and other signs of infection. In some cases, a urine culture may be required to identify the specific bacteria and determine the appropriate antibiotic treatment.

The primary treatment for bacterial cystitis is antibiotics. Common antibiotics prescribed include Nitrofurantoin and Trimethoprim. The duration of treatment typically lasts from three to seven days, depending on the severity of the infection and the patient’s medical history.

There are several measures to reduce the risk of developing cystitis:

• Drink plenty of water to stay hydrated and promote regular urination.

• Urinate after sexual intercourse to help flush out bacteria.

• Wipe from front to back after using the toilet to avoid introducing bacteria into the urethra.

• Avoid using harsh feminine hygiene products and opt for cotton underwear.

• Take showers instead of baths, particularly avoiding scented products.

Seek a medical professional at My London Pharmacy or your GP if:
Your symptoms persist beyond three days.

• You have recurring episodes of cystitis.

• You have severe symptoms, such as intense pain or blood in your urine.

• You’re pregnant or a man experiencing cystitis.

• Your child has symptoms of cystitis, such as a high fever, irritability, or vomiting.

Women, especially those who are sexually active or post-menopausal, are at a higher risk due to the shorter length of the urethra. Other risk factors include using urinary catheters, having diabetes, or conditions that prevent the bladder from emptying fully. Men with an enlarged prostate may also be at an increased risk.

Yes, several lifestyle adjustments can help manage or prevent cystitis:

• Always empty your bladder fully when urinating.

• Avoid holding in urine for extended periods.

• Reduce consumption of caffeine and alcohol, which can irritate the bladder.

• Avoid sugary foods and drinks, which can encourage bacterial growth.

By following these preventative measures and seeking prompt treatment when needed, many people can manage or avoid recurrent episodes of cystitis.

If left untreated, cystitis can lead to more serious infections, such as a kidney infection (pyelonephritis), which may require hospitalisation. Severe cases can also cause complications such as kidney damage or sepsis, especially in vulnerable individuals like the elderly or those with compromised immune systems. Therefore, it’s crucial to seek treatment if symptoms persist or worsen.

For personalised advice and treatment options for cystitis, always consult a healthcare professional.

For personalised advice and treatment options, visit My London Pharmacy’s online consultation platform. You’ll receive expert care from licensed clinicians, and your prescribed medication will be delivered straight to your home.